自由英作文の出題形式は細かく分けることも可能だが、どう答案を書くべきかという視点からみると、基本形は次の3つである。一見複雑に見える問題はこの基本形が混合したものである。
● ある論題や資料を与えて、賛否などの意見を求めるもの。(論説・評論型)
● 資料や図などを与えて、それをまとめさせるもの。(要約型)
● あるテーマについて自由に書かせるもの。(説明型・物語型)
論説・評論型の例
1. Write at least 100 words of English about the following topic.
People live longer now, so the retirement age should be raised to 70.
(2002年 一橋大)
解答例
I don’t agree with this opinion.
It is true that people today live longer than before, but it does not necessarily mean that they have to work until they become very old. I think many people would agree that work is a kind of necessary evil. So if you have enough to lead a decent life, it would be better to stop working and enjoy your life. However, there may be some who want to work as long as possible, and in this way, to be useful to their society.
How to spend one’s old age varies form person to person. If so, the normal retirement age should not be uniformly raised to 70. There should be many options to choose from.
(121 words)
2. あなたはcell phones (mobile phones) の利用をどう思うか。次の文の内容と関連させて賛成・反対のいずれかの立場から,100語程度の英語で述べなさい。
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication ― having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosion around the world in mobile phone use has some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
(2004年 慶応大学・医学部)
解答例
I am basically against the use of mobile phones, especially by young people. Under the present law, the government does not examine the safety of mobile phones, as it does with new drugs or medical devices, so we have to depend on phone companies for the data on this matter. However, since phone companies are interested mainly in selling their products, the results of their research are not considered to be objective. In fact, there are several studies to show that radio waves from cell phones can cause cancer in children. If so, young people should be wise enough to stop or at least limit their phone use.
(108 words)
要 約 型
以下の《状況》を読み、吉田まことになったつもりで、Roberts 教授宛ての電子メールを英語で書きなさい。
メールには必ず下記の《要素》を含めること。 (編者注―特に語数の制限は示されていない)
《状況》
月曜日の朝、吉田まことは自転車事故に遭い、病院に行った。そのため、当日午後1時から行なわれた大切な数学の試験を受けることができなかった。そこで追試験を依頼するため、その日の夕方、数学のRoberts 教授に連絡しようとしている。
《要素》
・先生への挨拶と自分の名前(吉田まこと)
・数学の試験を受けられなかったこと
・試験欠席の理由
・追試験のお願い
(2007年 山口大)
解答例
Dear Professor Roberts:
Good evening, Professor Roberts. I am Makoto Yoshida, enrolled in your lecture course.
This Monday morning I had a bicycle accident on the way to school and went to a hospital for treatment. Because of this, I was not able to take your math test, which started at one o’clock this afternoon. You said this test is very important, so I’m wondering if you could offer me another chance to take your exam. I would appreciate it if you allowed me to do so.
Sincerely,
Makoto Yoshida
説明・物語型
Write an essay in English describing a setback, disappointment, or occasion of failure that you have experienced. How did you deal with the situation, and what did you learn from it?
(編者注―20cm×21行のスペースが与えられている)
(2007年 旭川医大)
解答例
I will tell you how I got over the loss of my big brother.
My brother was a great soccer player in high school. He always said to me, “I like soccer because it’s a team sport. Each player has his own job, but to win a game, all the players have to be cooperative. That’s a difficult, but interesting, part of soccer.” He was not just an athlete. He was very nice to other people, especially to me. When I was in trouble, he was always there to help me. I was once the target of bullying at school. I was so sacred that I couldn’t tell anyone about this. However, my brother found out that there was something wrong with me, and saved me from hell.
I liked, respected, and adored him. I wished I could be a person like him. But, life is so cruel. The year he entered a university, he was diagnosed with leukemia and died two years later. This was such a terrible shock to me that I couldn’t do anything for a long time. I felt I wouldn’t be able to move on. My parents were very worried about me and said to me, “You are still feeling sad long after your brother’s death. We believe it would be the last thing your brother would want you to do.” Hearing this, I decided to stop grieving and made a firm determination to become a doctor. I don’t know why, but in this way I felt that I would be able to overcome the loss of my brother. I wanted to help those with the same disease as my brother had.
From this experience, I learned two things. One of them is that grief solves nothing. The other is that whatever difficulty you encounter in life, it is very important to have a positive attitude.
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中澤 幸夫
ナカザワ ユキオ
1944年東京生まれ。一橋大学・経済学部卒業。
毎日新聞社を経て、現在は翻訳家・著述家・予備校講師。一橋学院にて長年にわたり英語講師をつとめる。大学入試英語のための参考書を多数執筆。『話題別英単語リンガメタリカ改訂版』(Z会出版)、『英文解釈のトレーニング必修編』(Z会出版)、『速読英文読解 高校上級用』(日栄社)など著書多数
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